Final Review Paper

How the COVID pandemic of 2020 impacted the future of Education

The year is 2040 and education has seen a massive shift in both physical and theoretical practices. No longer will you enter a school and see a teacher standing at the front of the room with their pupils sitting in rows of desks, diligently taking notes on different types of renewable resources. Instead, educators have moved towards the theoretical constructivism approach where you will see a large space, maybe it has one or two desks, there might be a rug in the middle and there may even be students in the hallways and in other classrooms or participating through video calling in! The year is 2040 and this type of new age class is still learning about renewable resources, just as in the past, however instead of taking notes, students are working with microbits, trying to recreate a solar panel, some students are working with a lego mindstorm robot, inventing a prototype that will help clean up the trash on the sides of the road. Regardless of what technology tools are being used, in 2040 we live in a world where education and technology go hand in hand, where students are seen as individuals with individual needs.

Although education has seen major shifts, educators have FINALLY realized (and it only took them till 2040, woohoo!) that to have children be successful, we (educators) must create an environment that is equitable and inclusive for all. Back in 2016, an inclusion guru by the name of Shelley Moore was starting to make waves with her ideas of equity and inclusion and used a brilliant analogy where bowling represented inclusion, or lack thereof. Shelley uses the analogy that a bowling ball is the lesson and the pins are the students. As teachers, we aim our “bowling ball” for the middle of the pin and hope that it somehow miraculously knocks down all pins. However, we know that knocking down all the pins isn’t likely, but you would normally get another chance to knock down the rest of the pins. But at the end of the day, you still might end up with a 7-10 split, with your two outlying pins representing your students who need the most support. What Shelley recommends is that we, as both bowlers and educators, need to change the way we throw the ball. Just as professional bowlers do, we need to readjust what we think we know about bowling and maybe try to knock those harder pins down first.

Inclusiveness has been one of the major shifts within the educational system and why is that you may ask? Upon examining studies, conversations with students, educator notes, we found out that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to teaching. Simply put, we educators have realized that students learn in unique ways and you may end up teaching a class with 28 different types of learners. As we were redesigning the educational system, our educational leaders grappled with the question “what would be the best way to teach children?” Our first instinct was to look at our past, see what worked (and what didn’t) and go from there. Luckily for us, we had a time in our history where almost all schools, preschool through University, we shut down for several months and we educators were forced to come up with a plan to teach children without them sitting in desks directly in front of us.

It was the year 2020 and a virus called COVID was threatening our world. By the time March 2020 rolled around, the entire world was on lock down. Schools were closed, businesses boarded up their windows shutting up shop for who knows how long and people were being let go from jobs. It was a crazy time! However, out of all the craziness that ensued, educators were left sitting at home, scratching their heads, trying to come up with ways to remotely teach their students for the remained of the year. For myself, the teaching challenges that COVID brought taught me how to be adaptable, flexible and how students thrive when given opportunities to become their own teacher.

When COVID hit in 2020, I was forced to transfer all my teaching online. However, I was fortunate enough to be able to access some supporting materials that helped me create an online learning platform. When first developing my online teaching platform, I thought of the students that I had in my class; what are their need, their wants, what are they comfortable with and do they even have technology to support online learning? These were all questions that I kept asking myself over the first week and I concluded that the first thing I needed to set up was clear communication, “communication is a foundational element of educational theory; without clear communication, learners can feel confused and discouraged” (Basic Philosophies of Distributed and Open Learning, Crosslin, M.). Through establishing video/phone conversations with each of my students, I was able to communicate what steps we, as a class, were going to take to continue to learn. As well, through reaching out to each of my students, I was able to check in with them all personally and see how they were doing and if they were even in the right headspace to learn. Upon communicating with students, I also found that a lot of them were missing the human aspect of school. To combat this issue, I turned to the resource Basic Philosophies of Distributed and Open Learning, where it discussed the framework Community of Inquiry (CoI) which “focuses on increasing threes presences to help learners construct personal meaning in learning as well as to collectively confirm mutual understandings: teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence.” Through using the Community of Inquiry framework, my students were able to better construct personal meaning within their learning.

In addition to learning how to remotely communicate with my students, I also had to practice flexibility. Through teaching students online, I found that some students had technical issues, some students didn’t know how to access certain materials and some students wouldn’t even attempt to communicate with their peers. I had to continue to fight my frustrations and start taking a step back. I realized that maybe I was holding my student’s hands to much and not allowing them the time to figure out their problems for themselves. Through transferring ownership of learning from myself to my students, I actually saw an increase of engagement. Sure I still had some students asking me a million questions on the first week of this transfer of learning, but as the weeks progressed, I received fewer and fewer questions. I saw that my students started asking each other questions, that they were setting up their own video chats with each other to discuss what has been working for them and what has been challenging.

As it turned out, transferring to online teaching wasn’t as painful as I thought it would be. My students showed me that they were thirsty to learn and that they didn’t really need me there to walk them through every single step. My students taught me how to be flexible, how to look at a problem from a different angle, how to see the best in a not-so-great situation. In all, the COVID crisis of 2020 was the best teaching opportunity that I could have been given, and I have been able to take what I learnt back then and apply it to my teaching today!

So, how has education changed from 2020 to 2040? Well as I previously explained, the COVID pandemic of 2020 shifted the way educators taught students. When we returned back to school, we educators took what we learnt from the pandemic and shifted the ideology of what learning should and could look like. Before 2020, the question of “how can I reach the needs of ALL of my students” consistently kept me up at night. Now, however, thanks in part to the COVID crisis, that question doesn’t bother me. I now know that I don’t need to be the center of all learning in my class, that students can teach each other. Finding equity is no longer a problem that I find myself faced with, for the way my students learn all looks slightly different. I found that equity doesn’t mean giving each child the same thing, equity is meeting the child where they are at through having conversations, equity is learning about what the child is interested in, equity is providing multiple opportunities for students to work with their peers. When you walk into my classroom, you may only see one child working at a desk, you may see some children video chatting with a NASA scientist while another child is building a skyscraper out of lego. It is 2040, a time in history where we educators still teach children, just maybe not in the ways that your grandparents would remember.

 

Showcase Post

Discuss the difference between online educational content and openly licensed educational content

Openly licensed educational content, or OER (open educational resources) means that educators can share, adapt and edit high quality, free educational resources. Whereas online educational resources are materials that are online but may require you to buy them and has restrictions on how you can distribute and modify the materials. Some examples of OER’s could be notes from a course, textbooks, tests or videos, all of which you could use, edit, distribute to your hearts content. In contrast, an example of an online educational resource could be a worksheet that you purchase off Teachers Pay Teachers. Through purchasing educational tools through Teachers Pay Teachers, the educator only has permission to use the materials with their own class and, typically, does not have permission to edit the material. Another example of an online educational resource is the Smithsonian Education site. When someone puts openly licensed educational resources online, they are released under some type of license which allows whomever is accessing that OER the free use, distribution, modification and sharing. Most importantly, ONLY openly licensed educational resources contain the “5R permissions”, meaning that you have permission from the creator to “retain, reuse, revise, remix and redistribute.” ((https://tech.ed.gov/open/districts/launch/welcome/)   Although not all OER’s are digital, the majority of them are. When searching for openly licensed educational content, educators need to look for the license. One of the most popular open licensing systems is Creative Commons (CC).

As school districts are shutting down schools, the way I have to teach my students is through online tools. I have been spending the last few weeks exploring what tools can be used to help the continuation of student learning and I have been able to send out a few links to various websites where students can play math games, read current event articles and respond to a story. However, most of my students have never accessed these sites before, therefore navigating the materials proved to be extremely difficult for a lot of my students. I have found myself reflecting on section of Crosslin’s article of Effective Practices in Distributed and Open Learning where it states, “communication is a foundational element of educational theory; without clear communication, learners can feel confused and discouraged.” As I gave my students their online tools, I did not clearly explain to them how to navigate (the tools), why these online tools are useful to us and how they will aid our learning. This was a major learning curve in how I will teach my students online in the upcoming weeks.

Review the OER using the evaluation guide found in the tutorial, provide a brief comment on this process in your post 

The OER that I chose was the website youcubed which is a mathematics website. Upon evaluating this website, it is clear that youcubed is a prime example of what an OER should be as it checked off all the boxes in the evaluation guide. Youcubed website is governed by a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License”.

It was interesting to go through a website that I have used over the past 3 years to assess if it was a true, authentic openly licensed online educational resource. I never realized how many “boxes” there were to tick off to assess an OER. However, with that being said I am not surprised that youcubed website scored so high as it contained lesson plans, videos for both teachers and students (which included subtitles), access to courses taught by Jo herself, materials for educators to adapt, and much more.

Amidst the covid pandemic, youcube recently released a new tool called youcubed at home. This is an addition to the youcubed website where students and parents can go online to find math activities that relate to the real world. In addition, all of these math problems are written is simplified language so both students and parents can understand what the question is asking. Furthermore, youcube has offered a free, online helper who is available 24/7 to answer questions. Through adding in a support person, youcube has started to make their site more accessible to all types of learners.

Discuss how you might use OER in your own life or professional work.

Within the past month, our entire country has had to switch over to online teaching, something that no one was 100% ready for, or at least I wasn’t ready for. When looking for ways to best communicate with my students, I found that our school district had already purchased Microsoft teams, an online app that allows for group video chats, a platform for discussions, a place to assign tasks and more that I am still learning about! I feel fortunate to have read the article Creating Online Learning Experiences, since it lays out the best practices to set up an online learning community. One of the key aspects that the article lays out is that you should create “lessons that focus more on active engagement and less on passive content consumption”. This really stood out to me because some of my students cannot even access computers, some families have to share a computer between 5 people and some of my kids are struggling to find a place to wash their clothes. This data, that I collected from my students last week, showed me that I would need to create an online learning environment that wasn’t too rigorous and had components that my students could do anywhere. In addition, I have been forced to practice my own growth mindset, as flexibility is a key aspect of learning how to do online teaching. I find myself having to send out multiple emails, apologizing for incorrectly giving instructions, or telling parents that our video conference will have to be delayed for a day. This entire experience has taught me that you can not predict what will happen and that sometimes you just have to go with the flow and do the best that you can. As Paul Arden once said, “failures and false starts are a precondition of success. Failing is normal. It is just a short breakdown before striving to a successful future path and gateway. We learn from mistakes and gain the experience through foul and stressful steps.”

Below is a picture, sent to me by a student, of my classes first attempt at a video conference call through the app called Teams.

Reflection #3

As I recall my online learning experiences, I realize that I have a lot of them. Some of my online experiences have ranged from good, bad, funny to frustrating. Yet, as I reflect on one of my most memorable experiences, I am taken back to only a few weeks ago when my grade 6/7 class used the online social media platform of skype to connect with a NASA scientist.

Image result for nasa

About 4 weeks ago, my class had just been wrapping up their Solar System unit and one of my students had asked if she could do a project on NASA. I of course agreed, and off my student went, doing her own research and ending up creating a really cool video of a day in the life of a NASA scientist. After presenting I was able to surprise my class with a skype session with my friend Jenni who has worked for the past 4 years at NASA. Through skyping, Jenni was able to show my students her office, the tools and technology that she has been working with as well as answering all my student’s questions. The skype call lasted only 30 minutes, but it sent waves of excitement through the classroom. All my students could talk about for the rest of the week was the call with the NASA scientist they had. I even had several of my students come up to me to express how they want to become materials engineers when they grow up!

 

What I love so much about online platforms such as skype is that it provides people from all around the world to connect with each other. Through using skype, my students were able to engage with real life problems and talk with a professional who they otherwise never would have met.

Upon reflecting on the past few weeks of learning, I found myself drawn to reading, and then rereading the theories of communication, more specifically that of dramaturgical communicative actions from the Learning and Teaching as Communicative Actions theory. This type of communication, in my opinion, is freeing for students as it allows for more student creativity and freedom. Although I can sometimes stray towards the strategic communicative actions, I like to put the “teaching” back on my students and get them to come up with a question that they are passionate about and provide them with the tools they need to find the answer. I love this method of teaching because I am always pleasantly surprised at the work and artifacts that my students produce. Without placing limits on students, I believe that they will soar and actually teach us something.

In connection with communication, I believe that it is extremely important to pre-teach my students which digital tools/resources are valid and how to filter through information. A key aspect in one of our readings from last week is the importance of understanding that “media is not neutral or objective in how they convey knowledge”. I find that this message is one of the most important things that I need to teach my students, especially since they are growing up in the age of digital technology and they are surrounded by people trying to influence them.

Within my class we recently have had a talk about the media’s perception of the COVID 19 and how some media outlets are spreading false information. We took a look at some accurate article about the virus, found on the OER currents4kids as well as some articles that were untrue. We had a talk about how media can influence your perspectives, so it is important to know where the information your reading is coming from.

Openly Licensed Educational Resources (OER’s), what are they?

• Discuss the difference between online educational content and openly licensed educational content

Openly licensed educational content, or OER (open educational resources) means that educators can share, adapt and edit high quality, free educational resources. Whereas online educational resources are materials that are online but may require you to buy them and has restrictions on how you can distribute and modify the materials. Some examples of OER’s could be notes from a course, textbooks, tests, videos, all of which you could use, edit, distribute to your hearts content. In contrast, an example of an online educational resource could be a worksheet that you purchase off Teachers Pay Teachers. Through purchasing educational tools through Teachers Pay Teachers, the educator only has permission to use the materials with their own class and, typically, does not have permission to edit the material. Another example of an online educational resource is the Smithsonian Education site. When someone puts openly licensed educational resources online, they are released under some type of license which allows whomever is accessing that OER the free use, distribution, modification and sharing. Most importantly, ONLY openly licensed educational resources contain the “5R permissions”, meaning that you have permission from the creator to “retain, reuse, revise, remix and redistribute.” Although not all OER’s are digital, the majority of them are. When searching for openly licensed educational content, educators need to look for the license. One of the most popular open licensing systems is Creative Commons (CC).

• Review the OER using the evaluation guide found in the tutorial, provide a brief comment on this process in your post


The OER that I chose was the website youcubed which is a mathematics website. Upon evaluating this website, it is clear that youcubed is a prime example of what an OER should be as it checked off all the boxes in the evaluation guide. Youcubed website is governed by a “Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License”.

It was interesting to go through a website that I have used over the past 3 years to assess if it was a true, authentic openly licensed online educational resource. I never realized how many “boxes” there were to tick off to assess an OER. However, with that being said I am not surprised that youcubed website scored so high as it contained lesson plans, videos for both teachers and students (which included subtitles), access to courses taught by Jo herself, materials for educators to adapt, and much more.

• Discuss how you might use OER in your own life or professional work.

Throughout my past 3 years of teaching my own class, I have seen a shift in how educators use and promote online resources. I myself feel quite confident when searching for OER’s to use in my class, as I have been fortunate to have my coworker show me how to accurately search for material. Through somebody teaching me how to navigate the vast array of educational resources and sites, I have been able to asses which resources are best suited to my needs. Upon my readings this week, I found an article through the Office of Educational Technology (United States of America), that discussed the #GoOpen movement. The #GoOpen movement is “when schools, or school districts, are committed to providing their teachers with quality, licensed educational resources for students and teachers”. I love this idea and have already started to see the #GoOpen movement make its way across the border into B.C.

Within the province of B.C., an online resource site has just been created and will be launched (hopefully) by March 1st, 2020. The resource site, called ShareEdBC Resource Collection, will be available to teachers through their Microsoft Teams account and is designed to be a collection of resources that are classroom ready, aligned with the new curriculum and is adaptable. Just last week, I was asked by my district to put together 10 lesson plans that included some component of technology devices, videos and supplementary materials. Upon creating these lessons, I then uploaded them to the ShareEdBC Resources site. After further inspection, I noticed that the leaders of ShareEdBC Resources use a Creative Commons license which qualifies the materials as OER’s. I am excited to continue exploring the vast array of OER’s that are available.

Reflection #1: Teaching Pedagogies and my views

Instructor Versus Student-Centered Learning

What are the differences between instructor-centered versus student-centered learning? With instructor-centered learning occurs, the instructor is the one leading the class, discussion, ect. This type of learning can lead to students who are more likely to rely on their instructor to spoon feed them information rather than build their own skill set so that they can become the facilitators of their own learning. When the instructor is the main lead, it can also cause thethe instructor, to become more worn out. Teach burn out can happen when students have failed to create autonomy of their learning and instead have to rely on the teacher to answer every single on of their questions, questions that could have been solved by themselves.

When students are the facilitators of their own learning, they get to choose which information is important to them. I find that when I give students control over their own learning, there is an increase of engagement since students get to focus on items that matter to them. One aspect of student-centered learning that I find challenging is the release of control. In my own class, I tend to start off the year with a more instructor-centered approach. This way I can teach my students all the skills that they will need when I transfer the “power” to them. However, I always worry that I haven’t given them enough skills to succeed. Over the past few years that I have been teaching, I have had to remind myself that even if I haven’t taught all the skills to my students, I have provided them with the materials and skill sets they need to find what they are looking for. Whether that be through asking me, a peer, by looking it up online or by going to the library for additional resources. Through transferring control, students gain a sense of ownership over their own work and creates a growth mindset, where they know how to overcome obstacles in their way.  Overall, the main goal as educators should be to provide students with the skills to explore and learn topics, so that they become self-reliant, resilient individuals.

Asynchronous Versus Synchronous Learning

Synchronous learning means that the learners meet with each other and the instructor in real time in the same space (classroom, video conference, group chat). Where synchronous learning means that students aren’t required to meet in the same space at the same time (usually online courses are asynchronous).

However, most classes have components of both asynchronous and asynchronous learning. For example, you could have a class that is doing a group project, so some days they may be meeting in person, where on other days group members will have to work on different parts of their project through group chats or video messages. This was the case for myself while going to university. I found that most of my classes met in person but then we were also required to post and comment on an online discussion tool. I found that by implementing both asynchronous and synchronous learning, I learnt more since information was given to me through multiple methods. However, with that being said, I recognize that some people prefer one mode of learning over the other and when I create my own classes/lessons, I need to make sure to keep that in mind.

My thoughts on connectivism

Upon reading both articles, I found myself pondering the question, “do I use a constructivism approach in my own teaching?”. After thinking about this for a few days, I came to the conclusion that I use both a connectivism and a constructivism approach while teaching. Within the article Connectivism: A Learning Theory for the Digital Age, it states that constructivism assumes that the learners comes with prior knowledge and experiences and that the learning that occurs in a connectivism based class is driven by students. I really enjoyed the section on chaos which talked about how everything is connected to each other. I believe that a huge part of learning is being able to identify how everything is somehow connected. The idea behind chaos relates directly with connectivism since it relies on the student to take ownership of their learning and to research, engage, discuss their ideas and opinions to further enrich their understanding of a given topic.